Appendix E: Jesus Christ's Teaching on the Bread and Wine
A. The Biblical Foundation
At the Last Supper, the night before His crucifixion, Jesus instituted what Christians call the Lord's Supper or Holy Communion. The accounts in Matthew, Mark, Luke, and 1 Corinthians record:
- Taking bread, giving thanks, breaking it: "This is My body, which is given for you; do this in remembrance of Me."
- Taking the cup of wine: "This cup is the new covenant in My blood, which is poured out for you."
B. The Bread of Life Discourse (John 6)
Jesus explained the deeper meaning earlier in His ministry:
- John 6:35: "I am the bread of life; whoever comes to Me shall not hunger, and whoever believes in Me shall never thirst."
- John 6:51: "I am the living bread that came down from heaven. If anyone eats of this bread, he will live forever. And the bread that I will give for the life of the world is My flesh."
- John 6:53-56: "Unless you eat the flesh of the Son of Man and drink His blood, you have no life in you... Whoever feeds on My flesh and drinks My blood abides in Me, and I in him."
C. The Meaning
The bread and wine represent:
1. Christ's Sacrifice: His body broken and blood shed for forgiveness of sins (Matthew 26:28)
2. The New Covenant: A restored relationship with God, prophesied in Jeremiah 31
3. Spiritual Nourishment: Believers spiritually partake of Christ and find life in Him
4. Union with Christ: "Whoever abides in Me and I in him, he it is that bears much fruit" (John 15:5)
5. Unity of Believers: Together, partaking of one loaf signifies being one body in Christ (1 Corinthians 10:17)
D. A Sacred Observance
Jesus commanded: "Do this in remembrance of Me." Christians have observed this continuously, understanding it as a memorial of Christ's atoning death, a proclamation of Faith until He returns, and a foretaste of the heavenly banquet (Matthew 26:29). The bread and wine are set apart as holy signs of Christ's enduring presence with His people, a gift of grace, not to be perverted or profaned.
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